Medical information for patients

Norovirus (Norwalk virus)

Norovirus is a virus which causes more episodes of infectious diarrhoea and vomiting (gastroenteritis) in Britain than any other infection. The illness caused by Norovirus had been known as "winter vomiting" for years before the virus was identified.

Symptoms usually only last for two or three days and it does not cause any permanent adverse effects.

Symptoms

The main symptoms are diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, but you may also experience headaches, low-grade fever, and nausea.

Causes

The cause is infection with a norovirus. Previously known as Norwalk-like viruses, there are three genogroups that affect humans. It is a highly infectious disease and is spread by:

The incubation period is usually 12 to 48 hours.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis will normally be assumed because of the symptoms and especially the prevailing circumstances, such as other cases in the area.

Specimens are rarely taken to prove the diagnosis in an individual case, as this is not of any practical value.

Treatment

Treatment is essentially as for diarrhoea and vomiting.

When to call the doctor

Norovirus is very infectious and you should stay in, avoiding contact with other people, and most times you will not need to see the doctor. If, however, the member of the household who has the infection has a pre-existing serious condition which complicates things or causes reduced immunity, or if you concerned about their condition, phone for medical advice.

Prevention

Norovirus is very infectious. You start shedding the virus from the onset of symptoms and are unlikely to continue shedding the virus longer than three days from then. However, it is possible to shed the virus before symptoms develop and up to two weeks after recovery.

Further information


Brief feedback